The First Pyramid In Ancient Egyption

 Saqqara Located 40km southwest of Cairo

step pyramid is one of the most important cemeteries of Memphis which was itself one of the most important cities in ancient Egyptian history. The name of the site most likely derives from the god of this necropolis Sokar.

 step pyramid is truly an open-air museum, one that has all of ancient Egyptian history on display. Kings and noblemen from the very first two dynasties (c.3040–2686 BC) were buried here, and this is also the location of the Step Pyramid of Djoser (c.2686–2667 BC).

 step pyramid the sweeping necropolis and pyramid field of Memphis, the first Capital of Egypt, has been an important historical site for 5,000 years of Egyptian history

 This large area about 20 miles south of Cairo features the small square tombs (mastabas) of the kings of the first and second dynasties Most famously, the first king of the third dynasty Djoser asked his vizier and chief architect to erect for him the first monument built entirely of stone in ancient Egypt The result is the famous step pyramid of Saqqara and its surrounding funerary complex which was enclosed by a huge wall probably emulating that which surrounded Memphis itself.

The pyramids of some of the most important kings of the Old Kingdom Fifth (c.2494–2345 BC) and Sixth (c.2345–2181 BC) Dynasties are located in Saqqara.

 The pyramid of Unas (c.2375–2345 BC) features the oldest pyramid burial chamber decorated with texts. These are the so-called Pyramid Texts the purpose of which was to protect the deceased king on his journey to the afterlife In addition to Old Kingdom royal burials, Saqqara is also full of the tombs of the noblemen of this period which are decorated with scenes and texts of outstanding beauty and craftsmanship.

Saqqara also features tombs from the First Intermediate Period (c.2181–2055 BC) Middle Kingdom (c.2055–1650 BC) and New Kingdom (c.1550–1069 BC) The New Kingdom tombs display an architectural style completely different from their Upper Egyptian counterparts in Thebes. Among them is the tomb of none other than Horemheb (c.1323–1295 BC) the non-royal individual, the general who became king. He was never buried here however for upon ascending the throne he built a new tomb in the Valley of the Kings worthy of his royal rank.

  Among the most important of Saqqara’s monuments is the Serapeum a series of underground galleries in which the Apis Bulls were buried from the Eighteenth Dynasty (c.1550–1295 BC) to the Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BC). The Apis Bull was considered an incarnation of Ptah himself one of the most important gods of Memphis and as such there was only ever one Apis Bull at a time. When it died it was buried with full honors until his successor could be found.

The Bent Pyramid is one of the pyramids built by King Sneferu the first king of the 4 Dynasty 

 It was called bent because of its broken lines due to a change of angle, an engineering issue in its design. Indeed, the pyramid construction began at an angle of 55 degrees but had to be adjusted to 43 degrees due to an overload of blocks resulting in instability. Despite their adjustments the king’s designers made a new pyramid at a short distance, the Red Pyramid. The first angle of the Bent Pyramid suggests the transition phase between the Step-pyramid design of King Djoser in Saqqara and the later smooth-faced pyramids.

The Bent Pyramid has two entrances one on the north side with modern wooden stairs and the other is high on the west side. Each entrance leads to a chamber with a corbelled roof giving this gradual effect. The northern entrance chamber is below ground level 

The Red Pyramid is the highest in Dahshur and its me of Red is due to the reddish rusty color of
its blocks. It was not this color originally but a beautiful pure white of limestone of Tura south of modern Cairo. All pyramids had a casing made of this white
limestone
which was reused in medieval times.

It is the third-largest Egyptian pyramid after those of Khufu and Khafre at Giza The Red Pyramid was one of three pyramids built by King Sneferu after the Bent Pyramid located one kilometer to the south

As for the Black Pyramid of KingAmenemhat III, it is also in poor condition of conservation Despite the erosion of its stones it is still standing at a distance from the pyramid of Sneferu. The stone pyramidion the tip of the pyramid is on display at the Egyptian Museum Several other pyramids of the 13th Dynasty were built at Dahshur.

 Memphis and its Necropolis Memphis it is called knowday village of Mit Rahina not far from Cairo and its necropolis were added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1979. Said to have been founded by the legendary first king of Egypt Menes in 3100 BC, the ancient city of Memphis was the capital during the Early Dynastic Period (c.3100–2686 BC) and Old Kingdom (c.2686–2181 BC) and continued to be one of the most important cities throughout more than three-thousand years of ancient Egyptian history.

 It was a center for the worship of the god Ptah whose temple was one of the most important places in all of ancient Egypt.

 It is contain The Colossus statue for Ramesses II is an enormous statue carved in limestone It is about 10m (33.8 ft) long even though it has no feet and is located in the museum of  Memphis