The First Pyramid In Ancient Egyption

 Saqqara Located 40km southwest of Cairo

step pyramid is one of the most important cemeteries of Memphis which was itself one of the most important cities in ancient Egyptian history. The name of the site most likely derives from the god of this necropolis Sokar.

 step pyramid is truly an open-air museum, one that has all of ancient Egyptian history on display. Kings and noblemen from the very first two dynasties (c.3040–2686 BC) were buried here, and this is also the location of the Step Pyramid of Djoser (c.2686–2667 BC).

 step pyramid the sweeping necropolis and pyramid field of Memphis, the first Capital of Egypt, has been an important historical site for 5,000 years of Egyptian history

 This large area about 20 miles south of Cairo features the small square tombs (mastabas) of the kings of the first and second dynasties Most famously, the first king of the third dynasty Djoser asked his vizier and chief architect to erect for him the first monument built entirely of stone in ancient Egypt The result is the famous step pyramid of Saqqara and its surrounding funerary complex which was enclosed by a huge wall probably emulating that which surrounded Memphis itself.

The pyramids of some of the most important kings of the Old Kingdom Fifth (c.2494–2345 BC) and Sixth (c.2345–2181 BC) Dynasties are located in Saqqara.

 The pyramid of Unas (c.2375–2345 BC) features the oldest pyramid burial chamber decorated with texts. These are the so-called Pyramid Texts the purpose of which was to protect the deceased king on his journey to the afterlife In addition to Old Kingdom royal burials, Saqqara is also full of the tombs of the noblemen of this period which are decorated with scenes and texts of outstanding beauty and craftsmanship.

Saqqara also features tombs from the First Intermediate Period (c.2181–2055 BC) Middle Kingdom (c.2055–1650 BC) and New Kingdom (c.1550–1069 BC) The New Kingdom tombs display an architectural style completely different from their Upper Egyptian counterparts in Thebes. Among them is the tomb of none other than Horemheb (c.1323–1295 BC) the non-royal individual, the general who became king. He was never buried here however for upon ascending the throne he built a new tomb in the Valley of the Kings worthy of his royal rank.

  Among the most important of Saqqara’s monuments is the Serapeum a series of underground galleries in which the Apis Bulls were buried from the Eighteenth Dynasty (c.1550–1295 BC) to the Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BC). The Apis Bull was considered an incarnation of Ptah himself one of the most important gods of Memphis and as such there was only ever one Apis Bull at a time. When it died it was buried with full honors until his successor could be found.

The Bent Pyramid is one of the pyramids built by King Sneferu the first king of the 4 Dynasty 

 It was called bent because of its broken lines due to a change of angle, an engineering issue in its design. Indeed, the pyramid construction began at an angle of 55 degrees but had to be adjusted to 43 degrees due to an overload of blocks resulting in instability. Despite their adjustments the king’s designers made a new pyramid at a short distance, the Red Pyramid. The first angle of the Bent Pyramid suggests the transition phase between the Step-pyramid design of King Djoser in Saqqara and the later smooth-faced pyramids.

The Bent Pyramid has two entrances one on the north side with modern wooden stairs and the other is high on the west side. Each entrance leads to a chamber with a corbelled roof giving this gradual effect. The northern entrance chamber is below ground level 

The Red Pyramid is the highest in Dahshur and its me of Red is due to the reddish rusty color of
its blocks. It was not this color originally but a beautiful pure white of limestone of Tura south of modern Cairo. All pyramids had a casing made of this white
limestone
which was reused in medieval times.

It is the third-largest Egyptian pyramid after those of Khufu and Khafre at Giza The Red Pyramid was one of three pyramids built by King Sneferu after the Bent Pyramid located one kilometer to the south

As for the Black Pyramid of KingAmenemhat III, it is also in poor condition of conservation Despite the erosion of its stones it is still standing at a distance from the pyramid of Sneferu. The stone pyramidion the tip of the pyramid is on display at the Egyptian Museum Several other pyramids of the 13th Dynasty were built at Dahshur.

 Memphis and its Necropolis Memphis it is called knowday village of Mit Rahina not far from Cairo and its necropolis were added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1979. Said to have been founded by the legendary first king of Egypt Menes in 3100 BC, the ancient city of Memphis was the capital during the Early Dynastic Period (c.3100–2686 BC) and Old Kingdom (c.2686–2181 BC) and continued to be one of the most important cities throughout more than three-thousand years of ancient Egyptian history.

 It was a center for the worship of the god Ptah whose temple was one of the most important places in all of ancient Egypt.

 It is contain The Colossus statue for Ramesses II is an enormous statue carved in limestone It is about 10m (33.8 ft) long even though it has no feet and is located in the museum of  Memphis 

Giza pyramids

 

One of the seven wonders of the ancient world Egypt is famous for its marvelous pyramids in Egypt Day tour  you can visit and see the oldest structures on the earth and history and There are 118 Pyramids They were built by the ancient Egyptians as a tomb for their Pharaohs and their queens Giza has three Pyramids that are included in our

     

Flying Carpet Tours the first and biggest one is the Great Pyramid which is one of the oldest surviving ancient Pyramids in Egypt.

cheops pyramid is perhaps the most colossal single building ever erected on the planet. Its sides rise at an angle of 51°52′ and are accurately oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass. The Great Pyramid’s made of yellowish limestone blocks, the outer casing (now almost completely mising) and the inner passages are of finer light-colored limestone, and the interior burial chamber is built of huge blocks of granite.

 
Approximately 2.3 million blocks of stone were cut transported, and assembled to create the 5.75-million-ton structure, which is a masterpiece of technical skill and engineering ability. The internal walls as well as those few outer-casing stones that still remain in place show finer joints than any other masonry constructed in ancient Egypt. It is also known by the name Pyramid of  khufu the Pyramid of Cheops (2566 B.C.) a pyramid’s base average (147 meters) and its original height nowdays was 481.4 feet (137 meters) making it the largest pyramid in the world. 

Inside this Egyptian Pyramid, you can find a royal chamber that includes his possessions Three small pyramids built for Khufu’s queens are lined up next to the Great Pyramid, and a tomb was found nearby containing the empty sarcophagus of his mother Queen Hetepheres and and The second pyramid is called Khafre: the second largest pyramid of the Giza pyramids between two other pyramids. 

 
You can find more detailed information through  Flying Carpet packages showing the most attractive sites that you shouldn’t miss while visiting Egypt. Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king  also has a massive pyramid called the Pyramid of Chephren The Pyramid of Khufu was built on the Giza Plateau after the Great Pyramid of Khufu. The pyramid has a square base that measures 215.5 meters (706 feet) along each side and rises up to a height of 136 meters (448 feet).
                                           

                                                                                                                                                        Originally, Khafre’s Pyramid was 143.5 meters or 471 feet  It was intended as a tomb for the pharaoh    Khafre The pyramid was made out of  limestone and completed around 2570 BC.

While at first glance it appears larger than Khufu's Pyramid this is just due to its more elevated location, and the steeper angles of its sides In fact, it is slightly smaller in both height and volume And having a casing pointed on the top.

The Great Sphinx of Giza was also constructed during the reign of Khafre. Carved out of the same bedrock as the pyramid itself, and was once connected to the pyramid by a long causeway.

It is thought to have been a part of Khafre’s funeral complex, and in fact, the face of the Sphinx likely represents the pharaoh himself. Today it has become one of the most recognizable statues in the world The Great Sphinx is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and was constructed around 2500 BC, during the reign of the pharaoh Khafre.

It measures 73 meters long from paw to tail, and 20 meters high from the base to the top of the head. At its widest point near the haunches, it is 19 meters wide.

The Sphinx was carved directly from the limestone bedrock, and the different strata of the stone have eroded at different speeds, leading to the horizontal striations seen today.

The statue of the Great Sphinx of Giza was once covered with plaster.                                                                            

The face of the Sphinx is said to be based on that of Khafre himself. However, today it is heavily damaged, with a broken nose and a missing beard.

Despite the myth that the nose was destroyed, by the army of Napolean Bonaparte, artwork from before his time (by Frederic Louis Norden in 1737) shows the Sphinx already had a broken nose.

The Sphinx is oriented from west to east and faces east towards the rising sun. This was important to the ancient Egyptians who worshipped the sun.

Menkaure's pyramid complex was the last of the major pyramids built on the Giza Plateau, and was completed around 2510 BC,. It was built to serve as the tomb of the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure, who succeeded his father Khafre to the throne.

The pyramid complex has the king's pyramid, as well as a valley temple, a causeway, a mortuary temple, and three subsidiary or queen's pyramids.

Parts of the pyramid were left rough and unfinished, leading archaeologists to believe that construction was rushed, likely due to the early death of the pharaoh. and had a number of sun gods.  Menkaure’s pyramid is the smallest of the Pyramids of Giza and is dwarfed by those of his father and grandfather.

The pyramid’s base is a rough square that measures 102 by 104 meters (335 feet by 343 feet), and it rises up to a height of 62 meters (200 feet).

Originally  Menkaure pyramids was 66 meters or 213 feet tall but has shrunk over the millennia due to the loss of its outer casing of white limestone.

Some of the granite casing blocks near the entrance of the Pyramid of Menkaure were left unfinished, probably due to the early death of the pharaoh.   

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